Melasma
What is melasma?
Melasma is a commonly acquired hyperpigmentation disorder associated with increased production of melanin, the substance that gives the skin its color. It has a classic presentation of symmetrical, irregular patches of light to dark brown color on sun-exposed areas of the face.
Although melasma can appear anywhere on sun exposed skin it is most common on the forehead, nose, cheeks and upper lip.
Risks for melasma
- being a woman in her thirties and forties
- having a darker skin tone
- having a history of intense sun exposure
- pregnancy
- hormone changes due to birth control or hormone replacement
- photosensitizing medications
How is melasma diagnosed?
In the majority of cases the condition will be diagnosed during an office exam. If there is any doubt about the cause of the skin discoloration, a biopsy will be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
How is melasma treated?
- Hydroquinone is a skin lightening agent that bleaches the skin and can be beneficial in the treatment of melasma. It works to control the skin color cells called melanocytes. It may take 1-2 months to show improvement.
- Tretinoin and corticosteroids. These are used to enhance skin lightening to reduce discoloration and hyperpigmentation. A cream containing hydroquinone, tretinoin and corticosteroids is FDA approved for the treatment of melasma and can provide beneficial results for some individuals.
- Azelaic acid cream and Kojic acid are alternatives to hydroquinone and can work well in combination with other topical therapies.
- Tranexamic acid (TXA) can be prescribed in both topical and oral form. It has demonstrated efficacy even at low doses over short periods of time for stubborn melasma.
- Laser and light treatments may be needed for more stubborn cases.
Melasma may recur despite successful treatment and therefore it is imperative to use sunscreen daily to help prevent recurrence.
Contact us today to schedule a consultation to discuss the best treatment options for you.
